Peptic Ulcer Disease

Peptic ulcer  :

It is a chronic inflammatory condition involving a group of disorders characterised by ulceration in regions of upper gastrointestinal tract where parietal cells secrete pepsin and hydrochloric acid.

Ulcer is defined as the erosion in the lining of the stomach or duodenum and is caused by the disruptions of the gastric mucosal defense and repair systems. Ulcer in the stomach is called gastric ulcer and in the duodenum is called duodenal ulcer and together peptic ulcer. In clinical practice, peptic ulcer is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders, commonly occurs in developed countries.Peptic ulcer, also known as PUD or peptic ulcer disease is a break in the lining (mucosa) of the digestive tract produced by digestion of the mucosa by pepsin and acid.

An estimated 15,000 deaths occur each year as a consequence of PUD. In India PUD is common. In Indian pharmaceutical industry, researchers reported that peptic ulcers were been caused by an imbalance between the aggressive factors and a number of known defense mechanisms. Exogenous aggressive factors such as smoke, anti-inflammatory drugs, alcohol, stress, fatty foods and Helicobacter pylori infections triggered tissue necrosis through mucosal ischemia, free radical generation and cessation of nutrient delivery, hydrochloric acid together with pepsin, pancreatic enzymes and bile decreased the defense mechanisms of gastrointestinal mucosa such as the intercellular junctions, local blood flow, mucus/bicarbonate secretion and cellular. Antacids, and antiulcer drugs share 6.2 billion rupees and occupy 4.3% of the market share.